What Is Aromatherapy?
Aromatherapy is the therapeutic use of aromatic plant extracts — essential oils — either through inhalation, topical application, or diffusion into the environment. It sits at the intersection of complementary medicine, pharmacognosy, and sensory psychology.
Essential oils are highly concentrated volatile compounds extracted from plants by steam distillation, cold pressing, or solvent extraction. A single oil may contain hundreds of individual chemical compounds, some of which have measurable biological activity.
Where the Evidence Is Strongest
Lavender (Lavandula angustifolia) — Among the most studied essential oils. Clinical trials support its use for anxiety reduction, sleep quality improvement, and agitation in dementia patients. Oral lavender oil (Silexan) has demonstrated effectiveness for generalised anxiety disorder in randomised controlled trials.
Peppermint (Mentha piperita) — Inhalation shown to reduce nausea, particularly post-operative nausea. Topical application (diluted) is effective for tension headache and muscle pain.
Lemon and other citrus oils — Consistent evidence for mood elevation and reduced nausea in pregnancy when inhaled.
Using Essential Oils Safely
Essential oils are potent chemical compounds and must be treated accordingly. For topical use, always dilute in a carrier oil (typically 2–3% concentration, or 1–2 drops per teaspoon of carrier oil). Never apply undiluted essential oils to skin, and keep all oils away from children’s reach and from the eyes and mucous membranes. Quality matters significantly — therapeutic-grade oils from established brands such as Pranarôm, Ladrôme, and Physalis ensure purity and accurate labelling.
