How Compression Stockings Work
Graduated compression stockings exert controlled pressure on the legs — greatest at the ankle and gradually decreasing up the leg. This gradient assists the venous and lymphatic systems in pushing blood and fluid upward against gravity, reducing pooling in the lower limbs.
Who Benefits from Compression Stockings?
- Chronic venous insufficiency — A condition where the leg veins have difficulty returning blood to the heart, causing swelling, pain, and skin changes. Compression is the cornerstone of management.
- Varicose veins — Both as symptomatic management and to slow progression.
- DVT prevention — During long-haul flights, post-surgery, or during prolonged bed rest.
- Pregnancy — Hormonal and mechanical factors increase venous pressure significantly; compression reduces swelling, discomfort, and varicose vein development.
- People who stand for long periods — Healthcare workers, retail staff, and teachers commonly benefit from mild compression throughout the working day.
Choosing the Right Compression Class
Compression is measured in mmHg (millimetres of mercury) and divided into classes:
- Class 1 (15–21 mmHg) — Mild compression; appropriate for fatigue, mild swelling, travel, and prevention during pregnancy.
- Class 2 (23–32 mmHg) — Moderate compression; the standard treatment class for varicose veins and venous insufficiency.
- Class 3 (34–46 mmHg) — Strong compression; for severe venous insufficiency and lymphoedema. Should be prescribed and fitted by a healthcare professional.
Reputable brands including Sigvaris, Botalux, and Cellacare produce medical-grade compression garments available through pharmaceutical suppliers, in a range of styles from ankle socks to full-length stockings.
